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Self-Organization In Non-Equilibrium Systems G. Nicolis, Ilya Prigogine
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

He proposed that the study of living systems from a nonequilibrium perspective would reconcile biological self-organization and thermodynamics. Even writing about it as I did in Paradoxically, however, by filling in the physical dynamics of this account, we end up with a non-material conception of organism and neurological self, and by extension, of subjective self as well: a self that is embodied by dynamical constraints. Under far from equilibrium conditions, structures emerge. Far-from-equilibrium systems “give up” a huge range of possible behaviors in becoming organized — it is this absence of possibility, in fact, that makes them organized. That is, without a guide or decider, it is possible for chaos and disorder to develop structures and stabilities on their own. Area of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and chaos theory would call “Self-organizing systems,” in other words, systems beginning in states of chaos – and non-equilibrium – tend to develop organization from randomness. In nonlinear systems, small additions can have dramatic effects. The concept of selforganization that has emerged in the sciences over the past half century explains the transformative processes that enable natural systems to develop in a manner consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. The liveliness and instability seem much closer to life than to the statis formerly associated with so-called non-living matter. The common basis of complexity and criticality is identified and applied to a range of non-equilibrium systems. A perturbation from ordered equilibrium in a system into a more open and chaotic/interactive state, that then eventually reaches a balanced equilibrium stable state of order (or attractor point), at a more complex level of interaction or system synthesis, and which then again will be This creative property, self-organization, plays a major part in creating new forms of complex systems of order through cyclical perturbations within a system of feedback and interaction. Second, this mode of explanation is employed from the perspective of the science of non-equilibrium thermodynamics (rather than merely evolutionary biology) and its concept of selforganization and the maximum power principle. 6) Non-linear Non-equilibrium of degree five: Self-referential equations of motion for the system. For systems far-from-equilibrium, there is the possibility that equations can refer back to themselves.